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Actualizado en
30 dic 2020
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Alemán
Pregunta de Alemán
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre herunter y runter y unten ?Puedes dar oraciones como ejemplo.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre herunter y runter y unten ?Puedes dar oraciones como ejemplo.
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- Alemán
Okay, this is gonna be a long ass message. You'd better have a lot of patience lmao 😂
The words hinunter and herunter imply movement.
The prefixes hin- and her- are often added to verbs to describe the movement of the thing they're describing in relation to the speaker.
Imagine a big mountain.
Your mother is standing on the top of the mountain, your friend is standing in the middle of the mountain and you're standing on the bottom of the mountain
(I will draw something for you to make it easier to understand).
If you're telling your friend to go up to your mom, you'd say:
"Geh zu meiner Mutter hinauf!"
ℹ Since you're the speaker, hinauf describes that the person is going away from you.
However, if your mom was the speaker in this case, she'd say:
"Komm zu mir herauf!"
(Come up to me!)
ℹ As you can see, since your friend would be moving towards your mom — who's the speaker — she'd use herauf.
If your friend has made his way up to your mom but you want him to come down to you again, you'd say:
"Komm zu mir herunter!"
ℹ You're the speaker, so it's seen from your perspective, which means the person is moving towards YOU.
So you have to use herunter.
If your mom is the one telling your friend to go back to you, she'd say:
"Geh zu meinem Sohn hinunter!"
ℹ Since it's from her perspective, your friend would be moving away from her, so she'd use hinunter.
---
So to summarize all of that:
You add hin- to a preposition that's in relation with a verb, if the thing you're describing is moving AWAY FROM YOU.
You add her- to a preposition that's in relation with a verb, if the thing you're describing is coming TOWARDS YOU.
---
To answer your second question:
runter is the colloquial version of both hinunter and herunter.
In fact, in casual daily life German, most Germans don't even use stuff like herunter and hinunter that much. We would just use "runter" for both :D
But it's still important to know the difference between herunter and hinunter and so on.
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To answer your last question:
Unlike herunter, hinunter and runter, the word unten doesn't imply any movement.
It only implies location.
Er ist dort unten gefangen.
(He's trapped down there.)
ℹ There is no movement. The person that's trapped isn't moving.
Sie ist hier unten!
(She's down here!)
ℹ Again, there is no movement. The verb to be (sein) never implies that something's moving. It only describes that something's located somewhere.
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Voilà, that's all... I hope it helped you <3
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- Alemán
Unfortunately, I can't add the beautiful drawing I made for you 🥺
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- Alemán
You're welcome :D
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