¿Qué significa Can anyone render this context into one that is easy to understand?
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First, the conclusion is that Americans turn nouns into verbs like “got primaried.”

Second, the beginning is a story about what American mean when we say “primary elections.”

Third, the explanation is confusing. I would re-write if I were the editor. In any case, they are trying to explain that each Political party has an election to decide who their candidate in the general election will be. That first inside-the-party election is called a “primary election.” Once the party has selected a candidate, that candidate is put on the ballot for the “general election” and runs against candidates from other parties. Not every person who currently holds a seat of office will have an opponent in a primary election. In fact it is often rare for a person holding a seat, called an incumbent, to have a opponent in a primary election. It is a waste of the party‘s money to fight within the party.